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How to Cite a Painting in Art History Pape

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You lot may demand to use a painting as a source for a research paper, particularly if you lot're writing virtually art history or a related field. To cite a painting, you need more data than you would for a standard text source. Typically, you'll as well need to include the current location of the work, its dimensions, and its cloth or medium. The specific format for your citation varies depending on the commendation style y'all use. Three of the most common commendation styles are Modern Language Association (MLA), American Psychological Association (APA), and Chicago mode.

  1. 1

    Listing the name of the artist first. For your Works Cited Entry, the artist is considered the "author" of a painting. Type their last proper noun first, followed by a comma. Then type their kickoff proper noun. Include their heart name or initial, if provided, afterward their first name. Place a catamenia at the end of their name.[one]

    • Example: Goya, Francisco.
    • If no creative person is credited, start the citation with the title of the painting. If the work is credited to "Anonymous," apply "Anonymous" every bit the artist'south name.[2]

  2. 2

    Type the title of the painting in italics. Type the title of the painting in championship-example, capitalizing all nouns, pronouns, verbs, and adverbs. If the painting is untitled, type a cursory, unitalicized description of the painting. Utilize sentence-case for a description, capitalizing only the first word and any proper nouns in your clarification. Place a flow after the title or clarification.[iii]

    • Titled example: Goya, Francisco. The Family of Charles Four.
    • Untitled example: Rauschenberg, Robert. Sleeky black painting.

    Examples of Brief Descriptions

    Goya, Francisco. Untitled portrait of the Duchess of Alba.

    Nicholson, Ben. White relief painting.

    Basquiat, Jean-Michel. Black skull on bluish background.

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  3. 3

    Provide the engagement of composition and the painting's location. Blazon the yr the painting was created, followed by a comma. Listing the name of the museum or drove where the painting is housed. If the location of the museum or collection is not included in its name, type a comma and and so the location. Place a period at the end.[4]

    • Example: Goya, Francisco. The Family of Charles IV. 1800, Museo del Prado, Madrid.

    MLA Works Cited Entry Format

    Creative person Final Name, Outset Name. Title of Painting. Yr, Museum or Collection, City.

  4. 4

    Reference any volume or website where the painting is located. If your source is actually a photographic reproduction of the painting in a book or on a website, include information about the book or website at the end of your commendation.[5]

    • Volume example: Goya, Francisco. The Family unit of Charles 4. 1800, Museo del Prado, Madrid. Gardener'southward Art Through the Ages, 10th ed., by Richard G. Tansey and Fred Southward. Kleiner, Harcourt Brace, p. 939.
    • Website example: Goya, Francisco. The Family unit of Charles Iv. 1800, Museo del Prado, Madrid. WikiArt Visual Art Encyclopedia, www.wikiart.org/en/francisco-goya/charles-iv-of-espana-and-his-family-1800.
    • If y'all viewed the painting on the museum's website, omit the name and location of the museum. Use the name of the website and URL instead. Place a period after the year, since it refers to the date the painting was created, non the appointment it was published on the website. For example: Goya, Francisco, The Family of Charles 4. 1800. Museo del Prado, www.museodelprado.es/en/the-collection/fine art-piece of work/the-family unit-of-carlos-iv/.
    • Include the medium and materials at the end of your entry if they are important or relevant to your paper. Otherwise, this information isn't required for an MLA Works Cited entry.

  5. 5

    Mention the artist and the artwork in the text of your paper. MLA style does not crave parenthetical in-text citations for paintings. Instead, requite the creative person's proper name, followed past the title of the work in italics.[6]

    • Example: "One of Francisco Goya's subjects in The Family of Charles IV has her head turned away. Scholars believe this was a member of the family who was not nowadays on the day the portrait was painted."
    • If the painting is untitled, use your brief description of the painting along with the artist'southward proper noun. For example, y'all might write: "The Duchess of Alba was widely considered to exist Francisco Goya's muse, as his many untitled portraits of her advise."

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  1. 1

    Start with the name of the creative person and the yr of the painting. Type the creative person's concluding proper name, followed by a comma. Then type the artist's beginning initial, followed past their center initial, if available. Blazon the twelvemonth the artist painted the piece of work in parentheses. Identify a period exterior the closing parentheses.[7]

    • Instance: Pratt, C. (1965).
    • If the artist is unknown, start your reference listing entry with the title of the work. However, if the credited artist is "Anonymous," use that word as the proper noun of the author.[viii]
    • If the date is not known, utilize the abridgement "n.d." inside the parentheses.

  2. ii

    Provide the title of the painting and a description of the materials used. Blazon the championship of the painting in italics. Use judgement-case, capitalizing only the first give-and-take and whatever proper nouns in the title. In foursquare brackets, depict the materials or medium of the painting. Use sentence-case for the description as well. Place a period after the endmost bracket.[nine]

    • Instance: Pratt, C. (1965). Young girl with seashells [Oil on board].
    • If the painting is untitled, use the word "Untitled" in place of the title. Since it isn't the title of the painting, it shouldn't be italicized.

  3. 3

    Include the location of the painting. Type the name of the museum, institution, or collection where the painting is housed. Identify a comma, then blazon the proper noun of the city, also followed past a comma. If the institution is located in the U.S. or Canada, add an abridgement for the land or province. For all others, add the name of the country. Place a period at the end of your citation.[10]

    • Instance: Pratt, C. (1965). Immature girl with seashells [Oil on board]. Memorial University Art Gallery Permanent Drove, Corner Brook, NL.

    APA Reference List Entry Format

    Artist Last Name, Outset Initial. (Year). Championship of painting [Clarification of material]. Museum or Collection, City, abbreviated state/province or name of state.

  4. four

    Add source data to cite a reproduction of a painting. If y'all viewed the painting in a book or online, rather than in person, include the author, title, appointment of publication, and publication information at the finish of your reference list entry. Follow the same format as you lot commonly would to cite a webpage or an article inside a book.[11]

    • Book example: Jacque, H. (2010). Labrador black duck [Clay tile]. Lawrence O'Brien Auditorium, Goose Bay, NL. In D. Brown, Uncommon clay: The labradoria mural (p. 18). St John's, NL: Artistic Publishing. (Original work 2009).
    • Website instance: Shepherd, H. P. (1962).Sunday morn [Oil]. Drove of Memorial University of Newfoundland, St. John's, NL. The rooms (n.d.). Retrieved from: http://www.therooms.ca/artgallery/shepherds.asp

  5. v

    Put the year in parentheses after the title of the painting. Use the artist'southward name and the title of the painting within the text of your newspaper. Blazon the championship in italics. Employ title instance, capitalizing the showtime word and all nouns, pronouns, verbs, and adverbs. After the title of the painting appears in your paper, type the year the painting was completed in parentheses.[12]

    • Example: "Christopher Pratt'south painting Young Girl with Seashells (1965) offers a glimpse of classic Newfoundland heritage."

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  1. 1

    List the creative person's name starting time in your bibliography entry. Chicago way considers the creative person (or painter) the "author" of the painting. Type the artist's last name, followed past a comma. So blazon the artist'south first proper noun, followed by a menstruation.[13]

    • Instance: Gogh, Vincent van.
    • If the artist is unknown, but go out this chemical element out of your commendation. If the creative person is listed as "Anonymous," use that word in place of the artist's name.[14]

  2. 2

    Provide the title of the painting. Blazon a infinite afterward the menstruation post-obit the author's name, so type the title of the painting in italics. Apply championship case, capitalizing all nouns, pronouns, verbs, and adverbs. Place a catamenia at the finish of the title.[15]

    • Case: Gogh, Vincent van. The Starry Night.
    • If the painting is untitled, simply movement on to the next element of the citation. Chicago doesn't require yous to write a description equally a placeholder, or to use the word "Untitled." However, if you practise, type this information in evidently text rather than italics. Otherwise, it looks like the title.

  3. 3

    List the date the work was created. Later on the championship of the painting, type the year the painting was completed. If you don't have access to the twelvemonth, you can either use the abbreviation "due north.d." for no appointment or just motility on to the next chemical element of the citation. Place a menstruum after the yr.[sixteen]

    • Example: Gogh, Vincent van. The Starry Dark. 1889.

  4. four

    Add information near the materials and dimensions of the work. Afterward the year, provide a description of the materials used to create the painting. Utilize sentence-case, capitalizing just the first give-and-take and any proper nouns. Place a period after this description, so provide the dimensions of the work. Use standard abbreviations for the units of measurement. Place a period later the dimensions unless one is included after the abbreviation.[17]

    • Example: Gogh, Vincent van. The Starry Night. 1889. Oil on sail. 29 in. 10 36.25 in.
    • Every bit with other elements, if any of this information isn't available, simply leave information technology out. There's no need to make a separate mention that the information is unknown or unavailable.
    • The Chicago Manual of Fashion doesn't take a position on whether to utilise regal or metric measurements. Simply pick 1 and use it consistently throughout your paper and other citations.

  5. 5

    Include the name and location of the museum or collection. After the dimensions, type the name of the museum, collection, or institution that houses the painting. Identify a comma, and so provide the name of the city where the museum, collection, or institution is located. Place a period after the name of the city.[xviii]

    • Example: Gogh, Vincent van. The Starry Dark. 1889. Oil on canvas. 29 in. ten 36.25 in. Museum of Modern Art, New York.

  6. 6

    Close with the URL and date of admission if you viewed the painting online. For paintings you looked at online, such as on a museum website, provide a full direct URL to the painting itself. Identify a comma after the URL, and so type the word "accessed." Bespeak the date you lot terminal visited the URL in solar day-month-yr format.[19]

    • Example: Gogh, Vincent van. The Starry Dark. 1889. Oil on canvass. 29 in. x 36.25 in. Museum of Modern Fine art, New York. https://world wide web.moma.org/learn/moma_learning/vincent-van-gogh-the-starry-night-1889/, accessed 23 October 2018.

    Chicago Bibliography Entry Format

    Creative person Last Proper name, First Name. Title of Painting. Twelvemonth. Description of material. Dimensions. Museum or Drove, City. URL, accessed Day-Month-Year.

  7. 7

    Add a full citation for the source if you viewed the painting in print. Omit the medium and location for print reproductions of the painting. Begin with the word "In," then type the information you would normally include in a Chicago entry for the book or periodical where the painting was reproduced. Stop your citation with a period.[xx]

    • Book case: Gogh, Vincent van. The Starry Nighttime. 1889. In Bailey, Martin. Starry Night: Van Gogh at the Asylum. London, UK: White Lion Publishing, 2018.

  8. 8

    Trade periods for commas in footnotes in the text of your newspaper. Flip the name of the creative person so that the beginning name comes commencement. Include the same data as your bibliography entry, separated past commas rather than periods. The only menses in a footnote comes at the end.[21]

    • In-text case: "At that place is a bulletin of promise in the swirling colors and light of Vincent van Gogh's famous painting The Starry Night.1"
    • Footnote website instance: one. Vincent van Gogh, The Starry Night, 1889, oil on canvas, 29 in. 10 36.25 in., Museum of Modern Art, New York, https://www.moma.org/acquire/moma_learning/vincent-van-gogh-the-starry-night-1889/, accessed 23 October 2018.
    • Footnote book example: one. Vincent van Gogh, The Starry Night, 1889, in Martin Bailey, Starry Dark: Van Gogh at the Asylum (London, Uk: White Lion Publishing, 2018), Effigy 49.

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Add New Question

  • Question

    How practise you cite a painting in APA?

    Drew Hawkins1

    Drew Hawkins1

    Community Answer

    Type the artist's last name, followed by a comma. And then blazon the artist'due south first initial, followed past their eye initial, if available. Type the year the creative person painted the work in parentheses. Place a menstruation outside the closing parentheses. Then, blazon the title of the painting in italics, capitalizing but the get-go word and whatsoever proper nouns in the title. In square brackets, describe the materials or medium of the painting. Use sentence-case for the clarification as well. Identify a menses after the endmost bracket. Type the name of the museum, institution, or collection where the painting is housed. Place a comma, then type the name of the city, besides followed past a comma. If you viewed the painting in a book or online, rather than in person, include the author, title, date of publication, and publication information at the end of your reference listing entry. Then, put the yr in parentheses after the championship of the painting.

  • Question

    How do I cite a album embrace fine art?

    Drew Hawkins1

    Drew Hawkins1

    Community Answer

    It'southward really not as tricky as you lot may call back. Beginning with the artist'south last name and so their first name, and identify a menstruation afterward it. Then, write the title of the work in italics followed by a period. Type the date of the creation and follow that with a menses. Then, type the institution and the city where the work is housed, separated by a comma and followed past a period. After that, type the name of the website you visited if that's where y'all plant information technology, followed by a flow. Write the discussion "Web" followed by a menstruation later that and and so put the date you lot accessed information technology, followed past a period. You can so add the URL in brackets if you lot like, but follow it upwards with a period if you do.

  • Question

    How do yous cite street art?

    Drew Hawkins1

    Drew Hawkins1

    Customs Answer

    Yous can admittedly cite graffiti or street art. Y'all just demand to follow the correct format. Start with the championship or description, with the graffiti artist's tag if in that location is ane, in italics. Follow that with a flow and then write the year in parenthesis, followed by a period as well. Then, write the location of the street fine art and add a period behind information technology. You can then write the appointment you viewed the art and close it off with a menstruation. That'southward it!

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About This Article

Article Summary Ten

To cite a painting in the Mod Language Association manner, you only need to give the creative person's full name followed by the championship of the work in italics in the body of your essay. For instance, you'd write, "In Francisco Goya's The Family of Charles IV, he creates a contrast of light and dark." For your works cited entry, you'll need to write the creative person's name, starting with their surname, so the name of the painting in italics, followed past the yr it was painted and the museum or collection where information technology's located. If the city of the location isn't included in the museum'southward proper name, add this at the end. For instance, y'all would write, "Goya, Francisco. The Family of Charles Four. 1800, Museo del Prado, Madrid." For more tips, including how to cite a painting using the APA and Chicago styles, read on!

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